Concepts & Definitions

Following are definitions of the main terms used in the tables.

Agricultural Holding

An agricultural holding is defined as an economic unit of agricultural production under a single management. Normally, a holding represents all the land and livestock activities which are under the control of a single household (although sometimes a holding is managed by a group of households, a cooperative or other unit).

There are two types of holdings:

A land holding in which the holding operates a parcel of agricultural land. Agricultural land includes normal agricultural land (lairyamyay); taungya; squatter land; land in village area (ywamyay), if there are more than 0.10 acres use for growing crops. A land holding may or may not keep livestock.
A livestock holding in which no land is operated but livestock are kept for agricultural purposes and some of the livestock products are sold or exchanged.

Agricultural Holder The agricultural holder is the person responsible for the operation and control of the agricultural holding operation and makes decisions regarding resource use.

Census Reference Year

It refers to the period that is from 1st Apri 1992 to 31st March 1993. The reference period refers to crops sown for harvesting during the reference period. Do not include any crops sown during the reference period that will be hatvested during the following agricultural year (after April 1993). Include all crops harvested during the reference period but which sown during the previous year (before April 1992).

Household

A household is a group of persons who live in a single dwelling and make common arrangements for the provision of food, shelter and other acts of daily living. In rare cases, there will be more than one household in dwelling. A household may include unrelated persons and is therefore different from the concept of family.

Area of holding refers to the land operated by the holding during the reference year. Land operated by holdings refers only to land officially classified as agricultural land ( "lairyamyay" in Myanma language) plus any other land used for agricultural purposes or under the control of agricultural holdings and therefore will not be included in the land data. Some agricultural land may, however, be used for non-agricultural purposes.

Parcel
A parcel is any separate piece of land operated by the holding and will usually correspond to SLRD's "lokekwet".

Parcel land type is SLRD's classification of parcels used for tax assessment purposes.

Land use type is the breakdown of land into three main types-arable land, permenent crop land and usedfor non-agricultural purposes. The last category includes fish ponds, land on which buildings are located, etc.

Arable land is land on which annual crops were sown in the reference year or land which has been sown in the last five years (ie. fallow land).

Annual crops are crops that have an under-one-year growing cycle. Annual crops must be newly sown or planted after the harvest. Crops remaining in the field after harvest should alsc be considered annual crops if harvesting destroys the plant. Crop areas refer to harvested areas; that is crops lost before harvest are not included. The same land will be counted twice in crop area figures if the land is double cropped.

Cultivation intensity is the area of crops harvested divided by the area of arable land.

Permanent crops are crops which do not have to be replanted for several years after harvest. Land under trees or shrubs producing fruit or flowers are included. Forest trees are excluded.

Number of trees (permanent crops) includes both scattered trees and trees in compact areas.

Compact area (permanent crops) includes plants, trees and shrubs planted in a regular and systematic manner for which it is possible to measure area planted.

Productive area (permanent crops) refers to the compact area of permanent crops which are already bearing fruit of which is otherwise productive.

Draught animals include cattle used mainly for draught purposes, together with all buffaloes and horses.

Machinery use refers to use of the item on the holding during the reference year, regardless of ownership.

Tools/implements use refers to use of item on the holding during the reference year, regardless of ownership.

Economically active
This is a statistical concept relating to the working status of a person. A person is economically active if he/she engages in what constitutes "economic work". Economic work includes agricultural work on the holding, paid labour and work in own business, but does not include work in the home (cooking, cleaning, etc.).

Permanent workers A person is considered a permanent worker if he/she worked on all the sowing and harvesting work carried out on the holding during the year. A permanent worker may only work for part of the year if there is no work on the holding for the rest of the year.
Permanent agricultural workers are non-family workers working permanently on the holding.

Permanent household workers on holding are family members working permanently on the holding.

Occasional worker An occasional worker is a worker who is not deemed to be permanent.

Main work of a person refers to what he/she spent most time during the year working on either work on the holding or other work.

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